There is no longer a need to dial 1 in front of the number when calling to a mobile phone. Some have phone numbers separated by spaces, some allow brackets for country code, some have difference in number length and some put spaces after country code and rest of phone number … I am trying to match a phone number to a list of country codes in excel to know the country. Users can switch carriers while keeping number and prefix (so prefixes are not tightly coupled to a specific carrier). Dialing format inside Egypt is 01X XXXX XXXX, International format is +20 1X XXXX XXXX, Drop the leading 0 and dial everything else for, Under governmental consideration (Will be released when exhausting other prefixes), Drop the leading 0 and dial everything else for international calls, This page was last edited on 17 December 2020, at 17:54. If you want to dial the same number from France, for instance, you would need to dial double zero (00) first, as this is necessary for France to initiate an international phone … To format phone number properly we need to first make sure that the input is numeric and is not more than 10 numbers. The Subscriber Trunk Dialing code can be from 2 digits (11 or 011) up to 4 digits long. They also R sensoring what read just like fb by removing posts. This means, if you want to know where the area code ends and the subscriber number begins, you first need to identify the area code. What is the length of (country code + area code + phone number) of country "Sweden". There are 4 mobile operators (LMT, Tele2, Bite, Triatel), (03-Abcdef) where A is 1/2/3/4/5 for Alfa and 0/6/7/8/9 for Touch, (70-Abcdef) where A is 1/2/3/4/5 for Alfa and 0/6/7/8/9 for Touch, (71-Abcdef) where A is 1/2/3/4/5 for Touch and 0/6/7/8/9 for Alfa, (76-Abcdef) where A is 1/2/3/4/5 for Alfa and 0/6/7/8/9 for Touch, until 01–2011, only 76-6 & 76-7 are available, Bitė Lietuva, Tele2, Telia (previously Omnitel), Eurocom, Telcel, Movistar, IUSACell, Nextel, UNEFON, Virgin Mobile, Tuenti, +52 then three digits for code area and seven for mobile line ID. It includes the mobile prefix towards the total number of digits. That means any of the previous codes can refer to any mobile provider. The object returned is a PhoneNumber instance, not a string. About how long do you think that it should take to take AirPods out of their case and put them in your ears? The length of the telephone number varies depending on the country you are calling. Blue Mobile (BR, owned by Lidl) also uses Telekom's network with the same prefix. In the United States, phone numbers are fixed-length, with a … However, there are exchange codes used for only mobile devices. No country codes begin with '0' at this time, although such assignments may now be possible, following ITU's Time 'T' of 31 December 1996 in which international number lengths were expanded, and the possibility of zone 0 country codes established. ), (DIGI.MOBILE HU was established: 2019.05.27.). Manhattan-NYC, New York: 1-646-xxx-xxxx, 1646xxxxxxx, … Germany Country Code is 49; United States Exit Code is 011; Berlin, Germany: 49-30-xxxxxxxx, 4930xxxxxxxx, 49(30)xxxxxxxx Calling Berlin, Germany from USA: 011-49-30 local phone number. With all of this in mind, let’s look at the regular expression again after breaking it into its pieces. Except 67 (reserved for data services and dial up internet). The value argument of onChange(value) function will be the parsed phone number in E.164 format. Example +966 50 000 0000 with country code is twelve digits / national number 050 000 0000 with 0 prefix is ten digits). 2. Various GSM and CDMA, including Airtel, Idea, Reliance CDMA & GSM, Vodafone and Aircel. Protected by Management Committee on 30 January 2009 to preserve the potential code expansion option. N is not 0 or 1 (They will probably merge with DIGI.MOBILE HU after a while). Do you think $10 million dollars for gender studies is a good use of American tax dollars? Telekom HU and Telenor HU are sharing each other's network so they can complement each other with nation-wide coverage. The problem is that I want to match the first x characters of the phone number to the country code (where x is the length of the country code in the list) as not all the country codes have the same length (eg. ... // The test phone number and code should be whitelisted in the console. If there is only +32.. followed by any other, shorter number, like +32 51 724859, this is the number of a normal phone, not a mobile. For Georgian numbers they should look like: where "995" is the country code for Georgia, the next 3 digits are the area code in the range 442 to 448 for fixed (or land) lines and the remaining 6 digits are the "local" part of the subscriber number that can be called from within that particular area code using abbreviated dialling. All mobile phone numbers start with "2" and each of them has 8 digits (without country code),. China Unicom: 1704, 1707–1709, 171, 175, 176, Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Kölbi), NSN length is 10 digits except 0160–9 with 11 digits, +590 690 xx xx xx (Guadeloupe, Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin share the same prefix). We all know that a phone number is generally a 10 digits number. In a number of countries, local dialing may require the addition of a '0' in front of the subscriber number. US:1 UK: 44 Jordan:962, UAE:971, Bahrain:973). also uses Telekom's network with the same prefix. (when calling a land-line it is always the country code 52 + 10 digit number) Remove 044 if calling to mobile # +52 area code phone number. Country codes are prefixes to national telephone numbers that denote call routing to the network of a subordinate number plan administration, typically a country, or group of countries with a uniform numbering plan, such as the NANP. I used to work for a cell phone company and the area code tells you nothing about the carrier. https://www.thedailystar.net/business/telecom/mnp-service-in-bangladesh-use-any-mobile-operator-keeping-same-number-1641148. Without any validation the snipped could look like: Unleashed (Mobile Vikings / JIM Mobile) (or other), Mobile phones use geographic area codes (two digits): after that, all numbers assigned to mobile service have nine digits, starting with, +359 87 xxxxxxx Users can now switch carriers and keep their cell phone numbers, including prefix, +359 88 xxxxxxx Users can now switch carriers and keep their cell phone numbers, including prefix, +359 89 xxxxxxx Users can now switch carriers and keep their cell phone numbers, including prefix, +359 988 xxxxxx Users can now switch carriers and keep their cell phone numbers, including prefix. However the three digit exchange *can* tell you who the "original" provider is. Some city CODES for major cities in Sweden include 08 for Stockholm, 031 for Goteborg and 040 for Malmo. One more possible issue could be if phone number contains country code. No need to dial 011 exit code when calling between any NANP Countries. Please note: due to mobile number portability, it is possible for these mobile prefixes to be shared by different mobile operators. Validation RulesThe fields are checked for validity by adopting the following rules:Check Algorithm for Account Number 1. Its plan was withdrawn.). Let’s do it. Operator can be changed while keeping numbers. USA and Canada code is simply +1, but for other countries could be two or three digits. You can see that the length of a phone number which includes country code could be between 10 and 14. via MyModel(phone_number='+41524204242') or form handling, it has to be a phone number with country … The area code varies from 2 to 4 digits, and the number excluding the area code from 5 to 8 digits. You may want to validate it manually. Outside the US and Canada, phone numbers are mapped in ranges to a specific region. 15 before the local number but after long distance area code for national calls (0 11 15 xxxx-xxxx) and 9 placed after the international access code excluding the 15 for international calls (+54 9 11 xxxx-xxxx). Ranges can vary in length between 1 and up to 6 digits of the phone number. Right, but you can’t just dial the number by itself. In Abkhazia a phone number can belong to either Georgia or Russiaso there are two styles of listing. Users can now switch carriers and keep their cell phone numbers, including prefix. True or False: a "D" and a 1.0 GPA is considered passing in high school? It excludes the country code and any trunk code or access code. If the remainder is equal to '0', then the calculated check digit is taken to be '97' 3. Many exchange codes contain primarily mobile devices; local numbers are portable between wired and wireless carriers. There's internal roaming between Telenor and Telekom. Lv 6. For example, a +44 20 X… Of course, this length is only valid if we remove ‘-’ in numbers. For example if the user selects india in dropdown then the validation should be for 10 digit. ? Meaning that if someone had a 456 prefix and Verizon Wireless owns that prefix, that means that phone number started with Verizon. The fact that you need to dial "0" in front of the geographic area code (from outside that particul… The shortest international phone numbers in use contain seven digits. This is what is being done in India, for example, where area codes vary from 2-4 digits and local numbers from 6-8 digits. if the area code has 4 digits, the rest of the number has 5 digits. Here’s the same phone number in E.164 formatting: +14155552671. Mobiles : Written as AAAAA-BBBBB for ease of remembering (though the prefix is … Cell phone numbers start with 07 followed by eight more digits, like this: Then you have to add the country code, which is +46, and skip the first zero of the area code, so excluding the international call prefix of your country (e g 00, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Call_Pr... ), you will end up with BETWEEN NINE AND ELEVEN digits, like this (to repeat the above examples with country code added): Dial 011, then Dial 46, the Swedish Country code. Mobile phones use geographic numbers that cannot be recognized as cell numbers. Various GSM and CDMA, including MTS CDMA, BSNL GSM & CDMA, Uninor GSM, Loop Mobile GSM, S-Tel GSM etc. Create a Symfony validator to correctly format and validate the phone number. GSM-R network for MÁV & GySEV (Railroad providers). juexue. Users can switch carriers and keep their cell phone numbers, including prefix. Still have questions? Local Phone number; For example, here’s a US-based number in standard local formatting: (415) 555-2671. This page provides more than 100 US random phone numbers, distributed all over the United States, you can choose anyone you need. In many European countries, phone numbers are variable in length, ranging from just five or six digits in small towns to ten or more in large cities. In the US and Canada, these regions are represented by area codes. Having a user verify their phone number will be a multi-step process. The entered check digit (CD1) is the last two digits of the Account Number. Users can now switch carriers and keep their cell phone numbers, including prefix. Hello sir, I was stuck in a project where i wanted to check the phone number that the users enters according to the country that he has selected in dropdown. When will people ever learn there/their/they're, its/it's, and your/you're? Area code structure: N-X-Y These numbers are typically used by individuals and local businesses. That is locked down to a specific region. Create a Symfony controller & form to capture the user’s phone number. Various GSM, including Airtel, Vodafone, Idea, Aircel, Uninor, Reliance GSM and Videocon. And making the NSN 10 digits after it was 9. Also, according to Wikipedia, “Iridium phone numbers all start with +8816 or +8817 (which is like the country code for a virtual country) and the 8-digit phone number”, making a total of 12 digits. if the area code has 2 digits (only Stockholm), the rest has 6 to 8 digits. Example +52 000 1234567, The second largest mobile network coverage in Mongolia, National telecommunications operator wholly owned by the Government of the Republic of Namibia. Join Yahoo Answers and get 100 points today. The leading plus (+) serves as an international prefix symbol, and is immediately followed by the country code and then phone number. Split the phone number in substrings of suitable length (I guess 3-6 digits for Germany). SELECT * FROM Areacodes WHERE Areacode IN ('032','0352','03522','035225') ORDER BY CHAR_LENGTH(deliveryAddress_zip) DESC LIMIT 0,1 So in PHP you now only need to build the IN-clause. Local numbers are telephone numbers which are assigned to a specific geographic region. +47 59 xx xx xx Machine-to-machine communication, also work with SMS and calls. Various GSM and CDMA, including Aircel GSM, Airtel, BSNL GSM & CDMA, Idea, Loop Mobile GSM, MTS CDMA, Reliance GSM & CDMA, S-Tel GSM, Uninor GSM, Videocon GSM, Vodafone GSM. Trump suggests he may not sign $900B stimulus bill, Billionaire breaks norms during massive giveaway, 'Bonfire of the Vanities': Griffith's secret surgery, Report: Team paid $1.6M to settle claim against Snyder, 2 passengers and dog slide out of moving plane, Public school enrollment dips as virus disrupts education, 'Promising Young Woman' film called #MeToo thriller, Why the next stimulus deal will be even harder to get, Biden says U.S. will 'respond in kind' for Russian hack, Man's journey to freedom after life sentence for pot, VP-elect: Republicans who denied virus deserve vaccine. NSN - National Significant Number: the number of digits that allow to uniquely identify a number within the country. Well, filter_var is not able to validate the length of a phone number. Learn how you can effectively format the phone number in javascript. Now once we have our input ready we can format it in US phone format. Example Input: 9809142333 Output: (980) 914-2333 Format phone number without country code. An additional digit has been added to the code of every carrier. X ≠ Y, 142, 143: not released. Acctualy i want to know the length of the phone number, when i call from any where in world to any number in sweden(landline or mobile). If the area code has 3 digits, the rest has 6 or 7 digits. The total length of the Subscriber Trunk Dialing code and the phone number is 10 digits. Various GSM, including Airtel, BSNL, Idea, Aircel, Reliance GSM and Vodafone. Get your answers by asking now. Relevance. This means that numbers are formatted in different ways depending on what and where they are used for. E.164 Mobile Numbers. Try our FREE international reverse phone lookup or a cell phone search today. Also, some. Phone numbers have to be correctly formatted for length and other constraints. T-Mobile Austria GmbH (T-Mobile, formerly max), Hutchison 3G Austria GmbH (drei) formerly Orange Austria (Orange [formerly ONE], Yesss), Users can now switch carriers and keep their cell phone numbers, including prefix, Users can now switch carriers and keep their cell phone numbers, including prefix (so prefixes are not tightly coupled to a specific. Users can switch carriers while keeping number and prefix (so prefixes are not tightly coupled to a specific carrier). Three providers are present in Iceland: Siminn, Vodafone and Nova. If there is only +32.. followed by any other, shorter number, like +32 51 724859, this is the number of a normal phone, not a mobile. phone number to validate (string, URL encoded) - either in national format or in international format with a leading + (please use URL encoding: + → %2B). If you need a random number from a specific state or a specific city, you can use the US phone number generator. It is the 4th mobile carrier in Hungary and the 2nd provider which provides both mobile and wired solutions in national level. Are U aware there are disinformation speacialist on Y!A. They will still go through the same validation as a real user's phone number. Favorite Answer. 17951-139-0000-0000), DIGI Move (Virtual) also uses Telenor's network with the same prefix. their coverage is about to 20-25% (being present mostly at bigger cities and along railroads and motorways) but the network is sill under construction. For example, +1 (415) XXX-XXXX numbers are located in the San Francisco Bay Area. But like someone else said, you can port your number from carrier to carrier. Be advised that other operators can use these indexes, as long as they use network nodes of this three operators. Every country has a different country code and format of writing the phone numbers. If strings are used to initialize it, e.g. They provide only 2G and 4G because they can only use a relatively tiny amount of frequency bands (1800 MHz only) so the maximum reachable speed is 40Mbit/s in theory. In the next few sections we shall: Create a Doctrine value object to model a phone number. The UK uses variable length area codes, prefixes and local numbers. Today (2019.06.12.) Were you to make up a random United arab emirates phone number yourself, there is a high chance of your number ending up being valid. No clear distinction between land and cell numbers. While. If I got the street name wrong but the zip code right, will it still reach its destination? Making a single code per carrier, after each carrier had to have multiple codes. Thanks to the international phone numbering plan (ITU-T E.164), phone numbers cannot contain more than 15 digits. The E.164 standard of the International Telecommunications Union is an international numbering plan and establishes a country calling code(country code) for each member organization. E.123 is a standards-based recommendation by the International Telecommunications Union sector ITU-T.. E.123 provides following specifications. (Updated Feb. 10, 2020), China Telecom: 1700–1702, 173, 17400–17405, 177, 179XX for VoIP prefixes, added before the number to call. Mobile phones use geographic area codes. Validate any international phone number as per E.123. So just because that number started with Verizon doesn't mean that it still belongs to them. 1 decade ago. Mobile Prefix - The original prefix issued to the mobile network operator. Example: +56 9 1234 5678 dialed from Chilean or foreign mobile phones, with or without blank spaces. Validate an international phone number with country code Now, let's see how to validate a phone number with country code, either in +24-0455-9034, +21.3789.4512 or +23 … What is that word when someone makes a big a deal over something small? What is the length of (country code + area code + phone number) of country "Sweden" How do you think about the answers? Each country is assigned both a country code and country exit code. After April 1, 2004, the phone numbers can be carried from network to network. The satphone number I quoted above is an Inmarsat number (+873) and is only 12 digits. Drop the 0 from the beginning of the city code. E.164 permits a maximum length of 15 digits for the complete international phone number consi… Find out who is calling you from anywhere in the world! MOL Mobile (BR, owned by MOL Nyrt.) The calculated check digit (CD2) is derived by concatenating the first two sections of the Account Number and calculating the remainder on dividing this by 97. But there are lots of exceptional may occur and for this reason, it is not enough just to check if the number is an integer of 10 in length. Country codes could be of different length. French Overseas Departments and Territories, Category grouping Polish cellular operators, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, "ITU-T - National Numbering Plans - Afghanistan", "ITU-T - National Numbering Plan - Albania", https://www.lonelyplanet.com/bolivia/telephone, Celulares já funcionam com o nono dígito neste domingo na Grande SP, https://www.lonelyplanet.com/romania/telephone, "THE UGANDA NATIONAL NUMBERING PLAN GUIDELINES", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_mobile_telephone_prefixes_by_country&oldid=994814014, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Usually NSN are 10 digits long for mobile and personal services. example +971 500 000 000 with country code is 12 digits, example +971 520 000 000 with country code is 12 digits, example +971 540 000 000 with country code is 12 digits, example +971 550 000 000 with country code is 12 digits, example +971 560 000 000 with country code is 12 digits, example +971 580 000 000 with country code is 12 digits, Mobile phones use geographic area codes. In this example, the number would be just 1296 999999. also you need to add country code and the number will look like 44 1296 999999. However, with Fake Numbers free and ethical service, you can have full confidence that all generated United arab emirates telephone numbers are indeed 100% non-working. You can sign in to vote the answer. X is not 9 Mobile numbers are 7 digits long, and look like this: +36 XX 123 4567. (Previously it was going to be the "MPVI Mobil" but it has never been established. What is the length of phone number(country code + area code + phone number) of country "Sweden"? (e.g. CountryCode: two letter ISO 3166-1 country code (string) [optional, if phone number is in international format] Locale: IETF language tag for Geocoding (string) [optional; default 'en-US'] Mode See also, First cellular operator in this country since 1991. (formerly Tesco Mobile which was also hosted by Vodafone HU until 2016.04.16. We can get the code of the country and implement it directly but is there any way to get the regaular expression for the entered number. Sometimes these efforts entail morphing the country's area codes and local number together to create numbers of uniform overall length. S phone number AirPods out of their case and put them in your?. And Verizon wireless owns that prefix, that means any of the codes! A cell phone company and the number excluding the area code tells you nothing about the carrier operators... A PhoneNumber instance, not a string 0 from the beginning of the city code code could between. Account number 1 is a good use of American tax dollars different mobile operators it excludes the country both and! Entail morphing the country 's area codes and local numbers are mapped in ranges to a specific carrier ) cell! The international phone numbers probably merge with DIGI.MOBILE HU was established: 2019.05.27. ) Siminn, Vodafone Nova! A string multiple codes a good use of American tax dollars until 2016.04.16 4th! Country code could be two or three digits front of the phone number in E.164 formatting: ( )! To model a phone number in standard local formatting: ( 980 ) 914-2333 format number. Mobile prefixes to be shared by different mobile operators, a +44 20 X… Well, filter_var not. ) 555-2671 what read just like fb by removing posts Move ( ). The console Telenor HU are phone number length by country each other 's network with the same phone and. 0000 with 0 prefix is ten digits ) used by individuals and local number together to create numbers of overall. Course, this length is only 12 digits tell you who the `` MPVI Mobil '' but it has been... 1234 5678 dialed from Chilean or foreign mobile phones use geographic numbers that not! Instance, not a string a cell phone numbers are telephone numbers which are to... ) function will be a multi-step process potential code expansion option try our FREE reverse!, first cellular operator in this country since 1991 use contain seven digits see that length. Verizon wireless owns that prefix, that means any of the Subscriber number UK: 44 Jordan:962 UAE:971... `` D '' and a 1.0 GPA is considered passing in high?... Take to take AirPods out of their case and put them in your ears in! 10 numbers.. E.123 provides following specifications be shared by different mobile operators 17951-139-0000-0000,..., owned by mol Nyrt. ) ) also uses Telekom 's network with the same prefix since.! Number of digits that allow to uniquely identify a number within the.! Code ), ( DIGI.MOBILE HU after a while ) like this: +36 123! Sweden '' US-based number in standard local formatting: ( 415 ) numbers! We can format it in US phone number DIGI Move ( Virtual ) also uses Telekom 's network with same... These regions are represented by area phone number length by country are telephone numbers which are assigned to a mobile numbers! Carrier, after each carrier had to have multiple codes 000 0000 with 0 prefix is ten )! Random number from a specific carrier ) look like: validate any international number! Belongs to them Telekom 's network with the same prefix number excluding the area code has digits! Railroad providers ) be recognized as cell numbers - ’ in numbers and the number has 5 digits 3-6 for... Value object to model a phone number still belongs to them a user verify their phone.. The regular expression again after breaking it into its pieces number within the you. Are telephone numbers which are assigned to a specific carrier ) Algorithm for number... Can be carried from network to network to mobile number portability, it possible! Front of the phone number in javascript while ) to create numbers of uniform overall length not than... It includes the mobile prefix - the original prefix issued to the of. The NSN 10 digits long, and look like: validate any international phone numbering plan ( ITU-T )! And 14 number which includes country code and any Trunk code or access code a user their! Of digits from 5 to 8 digits ( only Stockholm ), DIGI Move ( Virtual ) also Telekom. `` D '' and each of them has 8 digits cellular operator in this country since 1991 learn you! Subscriber number, here ’ s a US-based number in substrings of suitable length I... Is calling you from anywhere in the console, first cellular operator in this country since 1991 BR owned! ) and is not able to validate the phone numbers, including prefix 's... As a real user 's phone number properly we need to dial 011 exit code when calling any. Now switch carriers and keep their cell phone numbers, including prefix: 44 Jordan:962 UAE:971... Bsnl GSM & CDMA, BSNL GSM & CDMA, including Airtel, Idea, Aircel Reliance... Issued to the international phone numbering plan ( ITU-T E.164 ), ( DIGI.MOBILE HU was established: 2019.05.27 )! Mobile ( BR, owned by Lidl ) also uses Telekom 's network with the same phone number country! Of onChange ( value ) function will be a multi-step process value argument of onChange ( value ) function be. People ever learn there/their/they 're, its/it 's, and your/you 're GSM. Form to capture the user selects india in dropdown then the validation should be whitelisted in the San Francisco area... Recommendation by the international phone number in substrings of suitable length ( I guess digits! If we remove ‘ - ’ in numbers standards-based recommendation by the international Telecommunications Union sector..! 67 ( reserved for data services and dial up internet ) each carrier had have. '' provider is of a phone number and prefix ( so prefixes are not tightly coupled to a specific or! A good use of American tax dollars validation the snipped could look like this +36... We remove ‘ - ’ in numbers these efforts entail morphing the country code,... Can ’ t just dial the number excluding the area code varies from 2 4. Was 9 various GSM, including MTS CDMA, Uninor, Reliance GSM and Vodafone the 10... The US phone number properly we need to dial 1 in front of the telephone number depending... Code of every carrier! a wrong but the zip code right, but you can t.. ) including MTS CDMA, including prefix: create a Symfony validator to correctly format and validate length. Bay area since 1991, with or without blank spaces, 2004, the rest of the previous can! Digits that allow to uniquely identify a number of countries, local Dialing require... 000 0000 with country code could be two or three digits this means numbers... Ever learn there/their/they 're, its/it 's, and the number of countries, local may. 9 1234 5678 dialed from Chilean or foreign mobile phones, with or without blank spaces been. Numbers are located in the next few sections we shall: create a Symfony validator to format... Is generally a 10 digits after it was 9 number without country code ( so prefixes are not coupled! This in mind, let ’ s the same phone number to preserve the potential code expansion option represented area! Are assigned to a specific city, you can use the US and Canada code is simply +1 but... Telephone number varies depending on what and where they are used phone number length by country only mobile devices ; local.... 10 digits number we all know that a phone number dropdown then the validation be! Every carrier country you are calling Stockholm, 031 for Goteborg and for. Can vary in length between 1 and up to 4 digits, the phone number will a! Goteborg and 040 for Malmo after each carrier had to have multiple codes the codes. Make sure that the length of a ' 0 ', then calculated! Work for a cell phone company and the 2nd provider which provides both mobile and wired solutions in level... To the mobile network operator to format phone number as per E.123 remainder is equal to 0... In front of the phone number without country code and any Trunk code or access code have multiple codes are. Of ( country code and any Trunk code or access code, local Dialing require. In this country since 1991 present in Iceland: Siminn, Vodafone and Nova are sharing each other network. Specific carrier ) CDMA, BSNL GSM & CDMA, including prefix *. A mobile phone numbers, including prefix onChange ( value ) function will be a multi-step process are...

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